Although religion can be found in some form across every human culture, the way it impacts people's thoughts and behaviors may vary in systematic and important ways. In three sets of studies, I examine how religion's effects on psychology may vary according to key moderators at the broader level of culture or the situation and at the more specific level of the individual. First, in Studies 1--3, I demonstrate that religious values and the way people use religion to cope with difficulties may vary depending on the larger cultural context. Next, Studies 4--7 show that religious practices or thoughts may be linked to more conservative political beliefs, but largely for those who are powerful rather than powerless. Finally, in Study 8 I show that the effect of religious thoughts on prosocial behavior may be moderated by a genetic predisposition to environmental sensitivity. Using multiple methods, including content analysis, daily diary, priming techniques, and worldwide surveys, as well as diverse perspectives, such as cultural and social psychology and genetics, I first aim to examine how religion's influence can be moderated by culture, power, and genes. Second, I provide a working theoretical framework for understanding past research on religion and building new investigations on the topic, and in so doing, I hope to demonstrate that religion can be conceptualized in multiple ways and should thus be studied from different perspectives. Finally, I discuss implications for both the benefits and detriments of religion---a phenomenon that ultimately transpires in the context of a society and in the minds of individuals.