HIV/AIDS can present a significant economic, medical, and psychological shock to households in sub-Saharan Africa, and can considerably alter household livelihood behavior. While there is speculation that household impoverishment related to HIV-affliction and the onset of AIDS can drive households into greater dependence on their local, natural environment for food, medicine, fuel, construction materials, and other products, evidence is limited. This study queried the 2008-2009 Kenyan Demographic Health Survey Database for associations at the national level between household HIV-affliction and three natural resource use variables: primary household fuel type, drinking water source, and presence in the household of an adult self-reporting as a subsistence fisheries or agricultural worker. Manual, step-wise binomial and multinomial logistic regression models (N=4000+ households) were constructed to examine these associations while controlling for geographic and socio-demographic factors. Model results demonstrated that HIV-afflicted households were 40-70% less likely than un-afflicted households to use natural fuels compared to processed fuels, and 30% less likely (weighted model, only) to rely on surface water sources compared to purchased or engineered water sources. No difference was detected between HIV-afflicted versus un-afflicted households regarding presence of an adult engaged in subsistence fishery or agricultural work. While a cross-sectional analysis limits discussion of causality, possible explanations include household adaptation to labor loss and/or increased exposure to HIV infection of communities with access to infrastructure. The results of this study caution against case study bias in the existing HIV-environment literature, and highlight the need for randomized, longitudinal studies on this topic.