This mixed-methods research study applied the Risk and Need principles of the Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) Theory to men and women court-ordered to participate in Batterer Intervention Programs (BIPs) operated through a Southern California county Domestic Violence Court. Risk for re-offense and need for treatment for substance abuse, trauma, and psychological distress were assessed in 178 men and women. Outcome measures were participant satisfaction with treatment and program completion. Of the 178 surveyed, 70 completed the satisfaction survey while still in treatment, which included open-ended qualitative responses. These 70 participants were also assessed for additional treatment need: Domestic Violence Prevention Education. Program completion status was obtained on another 73.

Results showed considerable variation in risk and need factors among participants, such that four different groups emerged: Low risk and need, Low risk and High need, High risk and Low need, and High risk and need. Neither risk nor need for treatment predicted either satisfaction with treatment or program completion. However, post-hoc analyses revealed significant differences between each of the four BIPs in terms of program completion and treatment satisfaction. In particular, one BIP that provided culturally sensitive treatment had a markedly higher program completion rate than did the others. Also, participants who had been married were more likely to complete treatment than those who had not. Finally, qualitative analysis of participant responses demonstrated that a majority of participants appreciated learning skills through the program. Those most satisfied appeared to gain some self-awareness, while those least satisfied had more suggestions for how to improve the treatment program to better meet their needs. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.